A travel guide to the Holy City of Varanasi: Places to visit, best things to do in Varanasi & the holiest attractions

Nestled along the banks of the sacred Ganges River, Varanasi stands as a beacon of spiritual devotion and cultural richness. In this comprehensive travel guide for India tours, we delve into the heart of this holy city, uncovering the most revered places to visit, the best things to do, and the holiest attractions that define the unique essence of Varanasi, the spiritual capital of India. 

Immerse yourself in Hindu culture, witness centuries-old traditions, and embark on a journey like no other in the Holy City of Varanasi.

What is the history of Varanasi?

Varanasi, often referred to as Kashi or Banaras, is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world, with a history dating back thousands of years. Its historical and cultural significance is deeply intertwined with the development of Hinduism and the spiritual heritage of India. Here is a detailed account of the history of Varanasi:

1. Ancient Origins (Around 1200 BCE - 500 CE): The earliest evidence of human settlement in the Varanasi region dates back to the 12th century BCE. It is believed that the city was established by the Aryan civilization on the banks of the sacred Ganges River. Varanasi quickly became a center for religious and philosophical activities.

2. Buddhist Connection (6th Century BCE): During the 6th century BCE, Varanasi was a prominent center for Buddhist teachings. It is here that Gautama Buddha is said to have delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, a suburb of Varanasi. This event is considered the beginning of Buddhism.

3. Golden Age (5th - 12th Century CE): Varanasi flourished during the Gupta Empire (4th - 6th centuries CE) and the subsequent dynasties. It became a hub of learning, attracting scholars, philosophers, and theologians. The city's ghats (riverfront steps) were constructed during this period.

4. Islamic Rule (12th - 18th Century CE): The city faced several invasions and changes in leadership during the medieval period. Muslim rulers, including Mahmud of Ghazni and the Mughals, exerted influence over Varanasi. However, the city's Hindu identity remained strong.

5. British Colonial Era (18th - 20th Century CE): Varanasi came under British control during the 18th century. It played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. Many prominent leaders, including Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, advocated for freedom from British rule.

6. Post-Independence Period (1947 - Present): Varanasi continued to thrive as a center of culture, spirituality, and education after India gained independence. It has remained a focal point for Hindu pilgrimage and is known for its vibrant festivals and rituals.

7. Spiritual Significance: Varanasi is considered one of the seven holiest cities in Hinduism. It is believed that a visit to Varanasi and a bath in the Ganges River can cleanse one's soul and lead to moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth).

8. Cultural Heritage: The city has been a source of inspiration for poets, writers, musicians, and artists for centuries. It is renowned for its classical music, dance, and religious literature.

9. Modern Varanasi: Today, Varanasi remains a bustling and dynamic city, blending ancient traditions with modern developments. It attracts visitors from around the world who come to explore its spiritual, cultural, and historical heritage.

Why is Varanasi called the City of Light?

Varanasi is often referred to as the "City of Light" due to its profound spiritual and cultural significance in Hinduism. The title "City of Light" carries several symbolic and historical meanings:

1. Spiritual Illumination: Varanasi is considered one of the holiest cities in Hinduism, and it is believed to be a place where spiritual enlightenment can be attained. The term "City of Light" symbolizes the idea that Varanasi is a place where the light of knowledge and spirituality shines brightly, dispelling the darkness of ignorance.

2. Historical and Cultural Significance: Varanasi has a rich history dating back thousands of years. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Its ancient temples, ghats, and sacred rituals contribute to its cultural significance, and the title "City of Light" reflects the city's cultural luminance.

3. Ganges River and Rituals: The Ganges River, which flows through Varanasi, is considered the holiest river in Hinduism. The daily rituals and ceremonies performed along the ghats of the Ganges add to the city's spiritual aura, as devotees and pilgrims seek purification and spiritual growth through these practices.

4. Learning and Knowledge: Varanasi has been a center of learning for centuries. It is home to the esteemed Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and numerous traditional schools of philosophy, music, and art. The city's association with education and wisdom contributes to its reputation as a place of enlightenment.

5. Eternal Essence: Varanasi is often described as a timeless city where the past and present coexist seamlessly. The belief in the eternal nature of the city, where spiritual truths transcend time, is reflected in the title "City of Light."

In essence, Varanasi's nickname, the "City of Light," encapsulates its role as a sacred and spiritual center, a place of profound cultural heritage, and a symbol of spiritual enlightenment and wisdom in Hinduism. It is a city where seekers, pilgrims, and travelers come to experience the divine and gain a deeper understanding of life's spiritual dimensions.

Where is Varanasi located?

Varanasi, also known as Banaras or Kashi, is located in the northern part of India. It is situated in the state of Uttar Pradesh, which is one of the country's northern states. Varanasi is positioned on the banks of the sacred Ganges River and is known for its picturesque location along the river's western bank. Its geographical coordinates are approximately 25.3176 degrees North latitude and 82.9739 degrees East longitude. The city's proximity to the Ganges River is one of its defining features, making it a significant religious and cultural center in India.

How to get to Varanasi?

Getting to Varanasi is relatively easy due to its status as a major cultural and religious destination in India. Here are some common ways to reach Varanasi:

1. By Air:

   • The Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport (VNS) in Varanasi is the city's main airport. It is well-connected to major Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Lucknow. Several domestic airlines operate regular flights to and from Varanasi.
     
     

2. By Train:

   • Varanasi Junction, also known as Varanasi Cantt Railway Station (BSB), is one of the busiest railway stations in India. It is well-connected to major cities across the country, including Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, and Agra. You can book train tickets online or through railway reservation counters.
     
     

3. By Road:

   • Varanasi is accessible by road, and you can reach the city by bus or private vehicle. National Highway 2 (NH2) and NH7 pass through Varanasi, connecting it to other major cities in Uttar Pradesh and neighboring states.
     
     

4. By Boat:

   • If you are traveling from nearby locations along the Ganges River, you can take a boat to Varanasi. This is a unique and scenic way to approach the city, particularly if you are visiting from places like Allahabad or Chunar.
     
     

5. By Bus:

   • Varanasi has a bus station, Varanasi Bus Depot, with bus services from nearby cities and towns. You can find both government-run and private bus operators offering transportation to Varanasi.
     
     

6. By Auto-Rickshaw and Taxi:

   • Once you arrive in Varanasi, you can use auto-rickshaws and taxis for local transportation within the city. It's a good idea to negotiate fares or use meters, if available, to avoid overcharging.
     
     

7. By Cycle-Rickshaw:

   • For shorter distances and navigating through narrow lanes in the older parts of the city, cycle-rickshaws are a convenient mode of transportation.
     
     

8. By App-Based Ride Services:

   • Some ride-sharing apps operate in Varanasi, providing an additional option for getting around the city.

When planning your journey to Varanasi, it's advisable to check the availability of transportation options, book tickets in advance if necessary, and consider the time of day and your preferences for comfort and convenience. Varanasi is a popular destination for both domestic and international travelers, so you should have several transportation choices to suit your needs.

When is the best time to visit Varanasi?

The best time to visit Varanasi depends on your preferences for weather and the type of experience you seek in this holy city. Varanasi experiences extreme temperatures throughout the year, so it's important to choose a time that aligns with your comfort and interests. Here are the two main seasons for visiting Varanasi:

1. Winter (November to February):

   • Winter is considered the best time to visit Varanasi by many travelers. The weather during these months is pleasant and relatively cooler, making it ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
   • Daytime temperatures range from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F), while evenings and nights can be chilly, with temperatures dropping to around 5°C to 10°C (41°F to 50°F). Be sure to carry warm clothing.
   • This season is also popular for festivals like Dev Deepawali, which falls in November, and Maha Shivaratri in February. Witnessing these festivals can be a unique experience.
     
     

2. Summer (March to June):

   • Summer in Varanasi can be extremely hot and dry, with temperatures soaring well above 40°C (104°F) during the daytime. Humidity levels can also be high.
   • It's not the most comfortable time to visit, especially for outdoor exploration and sightseeing. However, if you can tolerate the heat, you may find fewer crowds during this season.
   • It's essential to stay hydrated and protect yourself from the scorching sun if you choose to visit Varanasi in the summer.
     
     

3. Monsoon (July to September):

   • Varanasi experiences its monsoon season from July to September. During this time, the city receives heavy rainfall, which can lead to flooding in some areas.
   • While the rains bring relief from the summer heat, it's not the ideal time for sightseeing, as the streets can become waterlogged, and outdoor activities may be disrupted.
   • However, if you enjoy a more tranquil and spiritual atmosphere, this season can be a unique time to witness the religious rituals and ceremonies associated with the Ganges during the monsoon.
     
     

4. Post-Monsoon (October to November):

   • After the monsoon, the city starts to regain its charm as the weather becomes more pleasant. October, in particular, is a transitional period with improving weather conditions.
   • It's a good time for sightseeing, attending festivals like Navratri and Dussehra, and exploring Varanasi's cultural heritage.

Who should visit Varanasi?

Varanasi is a sacred city that holds immense spiritual and cultural significance in India, making it a destination that can appeal to a wide range of travelers. Here are some groups of people who may find Varanasi particularly compelling:

1. Spiritual Seekers and Pilgrims:

   • Varanasi is one of the holiest cities in Hinduism and a major pilgrimage site. It attracts thousands of spiritual seekers and pilgrims who come to perform religious rituals, take a dip in the Ganges, and seek spiritual enlightenment.
     
     

2. History and Culture Enthusiasts:

   • Travelers interested in India's rich history, culture, and traditions will find Varanasi captivating. The city's ancient temples, ghats, and vibrant street life offer a glimpse into India's cultural heritage.
     
     

3. Photographers and Artists:

   • Varanasi's picturesque ghats, vibrant street scenes, and spiritual ceremonies provide abundant opportunities for photography and artistic inspiration.
     
     

4. Academics and Researchers:

   • Varanasi is home to institutions like Banaras Hindu University, making it a hub for academic and research activities. Scholars in fields such as religion, philosophy, and linguistics often visit the city for its academic resources.
     
     

5. Yoga and Meditation Enthusiasts:

   • Many yoga and meditation centers are located in Varanasi, offering courses and retreats. The city's spiritual atmosphere makes it a conducive environment for mindfulness practices.
     
     

6. Cultural Explorers:

   • Varanasi hosts a variety of cultural festivals, music concerts, and dance performances throughout the year. Travelers interested in experiencing Indian music, dance, and festivals can find ample opportunities here.
     
     

7. Travelers Interested in River Cruises:

   • A boat ride along the Ganges River in Varanasi is a unique and serene experience. Those who enjoy river cruises and scenic journeys may appreciate this aspect of the city.
     
     

8. Festival Enthusiasts:

   • Varanasi celebrates various Hindu festivals with great fervor. Visitors during festivals like Diwali, Dev Deepawali, and Maha Shivaratri can witness grand celebrations and rituals.
     
     

9. Food Enthusiasts:

   • Varanasi offers a range of traditional Indian cuisine, including street food. Food enthusiasts can savor local dishes and explore the city's culinary delights.
     
     

10. Adventure Travelers:

    • For the more adventurous, Varanasi offers unique experiences like early morning boat rides on the Ganges or exploring the narrow alleys of the old city.

It's important to note that Varanasi, while a place of great cultural and spiritual significance, can also be a bustling and crowded city. Visitors should be prepared for a sensory-rich experience that includes a mix of spirituality, history, and vibrant street life. Ultimately, Varanasi welcomes a diverse range of travelers, each finding their own unique connection to the city based on their interests and motivations.

Why should you visit the City of Light on your visit in India?

1. Spiritual and Cultural Epicenter:

   • Varanasi is often referred to as the spiritual heart of India. It is one of the holiest cities for Hindus, and its spiritual significance is evident in the daily rituals, ceremonies, and prayers performed along the banks of the Ganges River. Visitors can immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of Hindu culture and spirituality.
     
     

2. Ganges River:

   • The Ganges, or Ganga, is considered the most sacred river in Hinduism. A visit to Varanasi provides the opportunity to witness the daily rituals, bathing, and cremation ceremonies along the ghats (steps) of the Ganges. It's a unique and profound experience.
     
     

3. Historical and Architectural Heritage:

   • Varanasi boasts a treasure trove of historical and architectural landmarks. Ancient temples, narrow winding lanes, and stunning ghats offer a glimpse into the city's rich history and cultural heritage. Key attractions include Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Sarnath, and the various ghats.
     
     

4. Cultural Festivals:

   • Varanasi celebrates a plethora of festivals with great enthusiasm. Events like Dev Deepawali and Maha Shivaratri are celebrated with grand processions, lighting of lamps, and special prayers, creating a festive atmosphere that is both colorful and spiritual.
     
     

5. Yoga and Meditation:

   • Varanasi has a thriving yoga and meditation culture. Many ashrams and centers offer courses and retreats for those interested in exploring mindfulness practices in a spiritual setting.
     
     

6. Photography and Artistic Inspiration:

   • The city's vibrant street life, spiritual rituals, and architectural beauty make it a paradise for photographers and artists seeking inspiration. The ghats and the people of Varanasi offer endless opportunities for capturing unique moments.
     
     

7. Culinary Delights:

   • Varanasi offers a diverse range of traditional Indian cuisine. From street food to local specialties, food enthusiasts can savor the flavors of the region. Don't miss trying the famous Banarasi paan (betel leaf preparation) and sweets like malaiyo.
     
     

8. Academic and Research Interests:

   • Varanasi is home to Banaras Hindu University (BHU), one of India's oldest and most prestigious educational institutions. Scholars and researchers in fields like philosophy, religion, and linguistics often visit BHU and its extensive library.

9. River Cruises:

   • A boat ride on the river Ganges during sunrise or sunset offers a serene and picturesque view of the city and its ghats. It's a peaceful way to experience the spiritual essence of Varanasi.

10. Unique Cultural Experiences:

    • The city's bustling markets, silk weaving industry, and classical music and dance performances provide a unique blend of cultural experiences that showcase the traditions of northern India.

Visiting Varanasi provides an opportunity to witness the timeless spiritual and cultural practices that have been part of Indian civilization for millennia. Whether you seek spiritual enlightenment, cultural exploration, or a deeper understanding of India's diverse traditions, Varanasi offers a profound and unforgettable journey.

How much does a visit to the City of Light cost?

The cost of a visit to Varanasi can vary widely depending on several factors, including your travel preferences, duration of stay, and spending habits. Here's a breakdown of potential expenses to help you plan your budget:

1. Accommodation:

   • Accommodation costs in Varanasi can range from budget to luxury options. Budget travelers can find guesthouses and hostels for as low as ₹500 to ₹1,500 per night. Mid-range hotels typically range from ₹2,000 to ₹5,000 per night, while luxury hotels and heritage properties can cost ₹6,000 and above per night.
     
     

2. Food and Dining:

   • Food in Varanasi is relatively affordable. Street food stalls offer delicious snacks and meals at low prices, with items like chaat, samosas, and thali meals typically costing between ₹50 to ₹200. Dining at mid-range restaurants may cost around ₹300 to ₹800 per meal, while upscale dining establishments can be more expensive, with meals costing ₹1,000 or more per person.
     
     

3. Transportation:

   • The cost of transportation depends on how you travel to and within Varanasi. Domestic flights to Varanasi can vary in price, but budget airlines may offer one-way fares starting from ₹2,000 to ₹4,000 or more. Train tickets from major Indian cities can range from ₹500 to ₹2,000 or higher, depending on class and distance. Local transportation within Varanasi includes auto-rickshaws, cycle-rickshaws, and taxis, with fares starting at ₹20 for short rides.
     
     

4. Sightseeing and Activities:

   • Entrance fees to historical sites, temples, and museums are usually quite affordable, ranging from ₹20 to ₹300 per person. Some attractions, like Kashi Vishwanath Temple, may have separate fees for special access or puja (prayer) offerings.
   • Boat rides on the Ganges River are a popular activity in Varanasi. Prices for boat rides vary, with shared boat tours typically costing ₹100 to ₹200 per person. Private boat tours can be negotiated with local boatmen.
     
     

5. Shopping in Varanasi:

   • Varanasi is famous for its silk products, including saris and scarves. Prices for silk products can vary significantly depending on quality and design. It's essential to bargain when shopping in local markets like Vishwanath Gali and Thatheri Bazaar.
     
     

6. Miscellaneous Expenses:

   • Miscellaneous expenses may include tips, laundry, internet access, and incidentals. Budget for these expenses based on your personal preferences.
     
     

7. Festival Costs:

   • If you plan to visit during festivals like Dev Deepawali or Maha Shivaratri, be prepared for increased crowds and potential price fluctuations in accommodation and transportation.
     
     

8. Travel Insurance and Miscellaneous Costs:

   • Don't forget to budget for travel insurance, visa fees (if applicable), and other unexpected expenses.

Overall, a budget traveler can manage daily expenses in Varanasi for around ₹1,000 to ₹2,500, while mid-range travelers can expect to spend ₹2,500 to ₹5,000 per day. Luxury travelers may spend ₹5,000 or more per day. These estimates are approximate and can vary based on individual preferences and choices. It's advisable to plan your budget according to your specific travel style and priorities.

What are the dress code and opening hours for Varanasi's temples?

Dress codes and opening hours for temples in Varanasi, like in many other places of worship in India, are guided by religious and cultural norms. It's essential to adhere to these guidelines out of respect for the local traditions and beliefs. While specific rules may vary from one temple to another, here are some general dress code and opening hour guidelines for temples in Varanasi:

Dress Code:

1. Modest Clothing: When visiting temples in Varanasi, it's important to dress modestly. This means covering your shoulders, chest, and knees. Avoid wearing revealing clothing, such as shorts, sleeveless tops, or low-cut dresses.

2. Remove Footwear: Before entering the temple premises, it is customary to remove your shoes or sandals. Most temples have designated areas for footwear storage, or you may be asked to leave your shoes outside the temple.

3. Head Covering: Some temples, especially those of particular significance, may require both men and women to cover their heads as a sign of respect. You can carry a scarf or shawl to cover your head when necessary.

4. No Leather Items: In some temples, leather items like belts and wallets may not be allowed inside the sanctum sanctorum. It's advisable to check with temple authorities or guides for specific rules.

Opening Hours:

1. Morning Visits: Many temples in Varanasi open early in the morning for prayers and rituals. The exact opening times may vary from temple to temple but typically start at or before sunrise. It's a serene and spiritually charged time to visit.

2. Midday Break: Some temples close for a few hours during the midday, usually between 12:00 PM and 4:00 PM. This break allows priests and staff to rest and perform additional rituals.

3. Evening Visits: Temples generally reopen in the late afternoon or early evening and remain open until sunset or later. Evening aarti (rituals involving fire and lamps) ceremonies are a highlight in many Varanasi temples and are a must-see.

4. Specific Temple Timings: It's advisable to check the specific opening hours of the temple you plan to visit, as they can vary. Many temples also have special hours during festivals and auspicious days.

5. Special Days and Festivals: Temples may have extended hours or special ceremonies during festivals and significant religious occasions. These can be a great time to experience the vibrant spiritual atmosphere of Varanasi.

6. Closure Days: While most temples are open daily, some smaller or less-visited temples may have irregular opening hours. It's best to inquire locally or with temple authorities about the schedule.

As a general rule of thumb, it's a good idea to dress conservatively and respectfully whenever you plan to visit a temple in Varanasi. Additionally, it's always helpful to check with locals or temple staff for specific dress code requirements and opening hours to ensure a smooth and respectful visit.

What are the best places to visit in and near Varanasi City?

Varanasi and its surrounding areas offer a wealth of cultural, historical, and spiritual attractions. Here are some of the best places to visit in and near Varanasi:

Places to visit in Varanasi:

1. Kashi Vishwanath Temple: One of the most sacred Hindu temples, dedicated to Lord Shiva. It's known for its stunning architecture and spiritual significance.

2. Dashashwamedh Ghat: This ghat on the Ganges River is famous for its daily Ganga Aarti ceremony, a captivating and spiritual ritual.

3. Assi Ghat: Known for its peaceful and serene atmosphere, Assi Ghat is a great place to relax and meditate.

4. Sarnath: Located just a few kilometers from Varanasi, Sarnath is where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon. The Dhamek Stupa and the Sarnath Museum are key attractions.

5. Manikarnika Ghat: One of the principal cremation ghats in Varanasi, it's a place of both reverence and reflection on the cycle of life and death.

6. Tulsi Manas Temple: This temple is famous for its beautiful marble structure and the Ramcharitmanas inscribed on its walls.

Places to visit near Varanasi:

1. Chunar Fort: Located about 40 kilometers from Varanasi, this ancient fort offers a glimpse into India's history and provides panoramic views of the Ganges River.

2. Ramnagar Fort: Situated across the Ganges River from Varanasi, this 18th-century fort is known for its museum and the Ramnagar Ramlila, one of the oldest and grandest in India.

3. Vindhyachal: About 65 kilometers from Varanasi, Vindhyachal is a significant pilgrimage site known for the Vindhyavasini Devi Temple and the Ashtabhuja Temple.

4. Chaukhandi Stupa: Located around 13 kilometers from Varanasi, this stupa marks the spot where Lord Buddha met his first disciples after attaining enlightenment.

5. Kaithi: This village, located about 25 kilometers from Varanasi, is known for its traditional art of scroll painting known as "Kaithi."

6. Allahabad (Prayagraj): Approximately 120 kilometers from Varanasi, Allahabad is known for its Sangam (the confluence of three rivers), Kumbh Mela, and historical sites like Anand Bhavan and the Allahabad Fort.

7. Bodh Gaya: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bodh Gaya is about 240 kilometers from Varanasi and is where Lord Buddha attained enlightenment.

8. Ayodhya: Around 200 kilometers from Varanasi, Ayodhya is associated with Lord Rama and is known for its temples and historical significance.

9. Varnasi Temples: Explore the numerous temples in and around Varanasi, including the Durga Temple, Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple, and New Vishwanath Temple.

These are just a few of the many attractions in and near Varanasi. The city and its surroundings are steeped in history, spirituality, and culture, making it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking a deeper understanding of India's heritage.

How to explore Varanasi along the ghats?

Exploring the ghats of Varanasi (riverfront steps) of the Ganges River is a unique and immersive experience that allows you to witness the city's spiritual and cultural life up close. Here are some tips on how to make the most of your exploration:

1. Start Early:

• Early morning is the best time to explore the ghats. The city is less crowded, and you can witness the breathtaking sunrise and the rituals that take place along the river.

2. Take a Boat Ride:

• Hiring a boat is a popular way to explore the ghats. You can negotiate with local boatmen or use organized services.
• Opt for a sunrise or sunset boat ride to capture the magical moments of aartis (rituals with fire and lamps) and daily life along the riverbanks.
• During the boat ride, you can visit several ghats, including the famous ones like Dashashwamedh, Manikarnika, and Harishchandra Ghats.

3. Walk Along the Ghats:

• Varanasi's ghats stretch for several kilometers along the river. Consider walking along the ghats to get a closer look at the rituals, street vendors, and daily activities.
• Visit the smaller and less crowded ghats to experience a more intimate connection with the local culture.

4. Visit Ghats with Specific Significance:

• Each ghat in Varanasi has its unique history and significance. For example, Dashashwamedh Ghat is known for the Ganga Aarti, and Manikarnika Ghat is the principal cremation ghat.
• Seek out ghats that align with your interests and learn about their stories from local guides or residents.

5. Interact with Locals:

• Engage in conversations with local residents and sadhus (ascetics) who reside along the ghats. They can provide insights into the city's spiritual life and rituals.
• Be respectful and seek permission before taking photographs of people, as some may prefer not to be photographed.

6. Attend Aarti Ceremonies:

• Don't miss the evening Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat. It's a mesmerizing ritual with lamps, incense, and chanting.
• Many other ghats also host aartis. Consider attending one to experience the spiritual ambiance.

7. Explore Temples Along the Ghats:

• Several temples are located along the ghats, such as the Kashi Vishwanath Temple and the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple. Take time to visit these sacred places.

8. Experience Varanasi's Markets:

• Explore the markets near the ghats, like Vishwanath Gali and Thatheri Bazaar, where you can shop for souvenirs, silk products, and local handicrafts.

9. Respect Local Customs:

• While exploring the ghats, be mindful of the local customs and traditions. Dress modestly, remove your footwear when required, and maintain a respectful demeanor.

10. Stay Hydrated and Wear Sunscreen:

• Varanasi can get quite hot, so carry water, wear sunscreen, and consider a wide-brimmed hat to protect yourself from the sun.

Exploring Varanasi along the ghats is an opportunity to connect with the city's spiritual essence and witness the rituals and daily life that have been practiced for centuries along the sacred Ganges River.

What are the best things to do in Varanasi?

Varanasi, known for its spiritual and cultural significance, offers a multitude of enriching experiences for travelers. Here are some of the best things to do in Varanasi:

1. Attend Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat:

   • Witness the grand and mesmerizing Ganga Aarti ceremony at Dashashwamedh Ghat. This daily ritual involves fire, lamps, and chanting, creating a spiritually charged atmosphere.
     
     

2. Take a Boat Ride on the Ganges:

   • Explore the ghats and the river by taking a boat ride during sunrise or sunset. It's an excellent way to see the city from a unique perspective and witness daily life along the Ganges.
     
     

3. Visit Kashi Vishwanath Temple:

   • Pay your respects at the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, one of the holiest shrines in Hinduism. Be sure to adhere to the temple's dress code and security regulations.
     
     

4. Explore Sarnath:

   • Visit the nearby town of Sarnath, where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon. Explore the Dhamek Stupa, Sarnath Museum, and the serene surroundings.
     
     

5. Attend Dev Deepawali:

   • If you're visiting in November, don't miss Dev Deepawali, the festival of lights. Witness thousands of lamps lit along the ghats, creating a breathtaking sight.
     
     

6. Experience a Sunrise or Sunset on the Ghats:

   • Early mornings and evenings along the ghats are magical. Take in the serene ambiance, engage with locals, and capture the beauty of Varanasi during these times.
     
     

7. Visit Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple:

   • Explore this famous temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman, known for its spiritual significance and peaceful surroundings.
     
     

8. Explore the Narrow Lanes of the Old City:

   • Get lost in the labyrinthine streets of the old city, where you'll find vibrant markets, traditional shops, and delicious street food.
     
     

9. Participate in Yoga and Meditation:

   • Join a yoga or meditation class in Varanasi to experience mindfulness practices in the heart of spiritual India.
     
     

10. Visit the Sarnath Museum:

    • Discover a collection of ancient artifacts, sculptures, and relics related to Buddhism and the history of Sarnath.
      
      

11. Enjoy Local Street Food:

    • Varanasi is famous for its street food. Don't miss trying local delicacies like kachori sabzi, chaat, and the famous lassi.
      
      

12. Explore Varanasi's Silk Industry:

    • Visit silk weaving workshops and shops to witness the intricate process of silk production. Consider purchasing Banarasi silk products as souvenirs.
      
      

13. Engage in Spiritual Activities:

    • Participate in spiritual activities like taking a holy dip in the Ganges, performing puja (prayers), and seeking blessings from sadhus (holy men).
      
      

14. Attend Classical Music and Dance Performances:

    • Enjoy classical Indian music and dance performances at local venues, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of Varanasi.
      
      

15. Shop for Souvenirs:

    • Explore local markets for souvenirs such as silk products, wooden handicrafts, jewelry, and spiritual items.
      
      

16. Visit the New Vishwanath Temple:

    • Explore the beautiful New Vishwanath Temple, also known as the Birla Temple, which is known for its intricate marble work.

Varanasi offers a multifaceted experience that combines spirituality, history, and cultural richness. Whether you're seeking enlightenment, cultural immersion, or simply a glimpse into India's heritage, Varanasi has something profound to offer every traveler.

When is the best time for a boat ride on the Ganges River?

The best times for a boat ride on the Ganges River in Varanasi are during sunrise and sunset. Here's why each of these times offers a unique and memorable experience:

1. Sunrise Boat Ride:

   • Sunrise boat rides are exceptionally popular and considered by many to be the best time to experience the Ganges in Varanasi.
   • The early morning hours are serene and peaceful, and the soft golden light of the rising sun bathes the ghats and the river in a warm, ethereal glow.
   • You can witness a tranquil and spiritual atmosphere as locals and pilgrims come to the river to perform morning rituals, offer prayers, and take a holy dip.
   • The Ganga Aarti ceremony at Dashashwamedh Ghat is not to be missed during sunrise. The aarti, performed facing the river, creates a captivating spectacle with fire, incense, and chanting.
   • Photographers often prefer this time for its soft, diffused light and the opportunity to capture the picturesque scenery.
     
     

2. Sunset Boat Ride:

   • Sunset boat rides offer a different perspective and ambiance. The colors of the setting sun cast a warm and golden hue over the ghats and the river.
   • The evening boat ride allows you to witness the ghats coming alive with the evening Ganga Aarti ceremonies, which are equally mesmerizing as the morning aarti but with a different atmosphere.
   • The lamps and incense create a mystical and enchanting environment as you float on the river, surrounded by the sounds of chants and bells.

Ultimately, whether you choose a sunrise or sunset boat ride depends on your personal preferences. Both options provide an opportunity to connect with the spiritual and cultural essence of Varanasi while enjoying the tranquil beauty of the Ganges. Keep in mind that it's a good idea to arrange your boat ride in advance or negotiate with local boatmen to ensure a memorable experience.

What is the significance of Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi?

Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is a prestigious and renowned institution located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It holds immense significance in various aspects, including education, culture, and the socio-political landscape of India. Here are some key aspects of the significance of Banaras Hindu University:

1. Educational Excellence:

   • BHU is one of India's oldest and most prestigious universities, established in 1916 by the visionary educator and freedom fighter Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. It has consistently ranked among the top universities in India.
     
     

2. Promotion of Hindu Culture and Values:

   • BHU was founded with the mission to promote and preserve the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of India, particularly Hinduism. It serves as a center for the study and dissemination of Hindu philosophy, literature, and arts.
     
     

3. Interdisciplinary Approach:

   • BHU is known for its interdisciplinary approach to education. It offers a wide range of academic programs in various fields, including arts, sciences, engineering, medicine, social sciences, and more.
     
     

4. Cultural Hub:

   • The university hosts various cultural events, festivals, and performances throughout the year. It is a hub for promoting and preserving Indian classical music, dance, and art forms.
     
     

5. Research and Innovation:

   • BHU is recognized for its research contributions in various fields. It houses research centers and institutes that focus on cutting-edge research, including the Institute of Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Technology.
     
     

6. Influence on National Politics:

   • BHU has played a significant role in shaping India's political landscape. Many of its alumni have held influential positions in the government and have contributed to the nation's development.
     
     

7. Social Reforms:

   • The university has been a platform for advocating social reforms and progressive ideas. It has been instrumental in addressing issues related to caste, gender, and social justice.
     
     

8. Spiritual and Cultural Heritage:

   • BHU is located in Varanasi, one of the holiest cities in Hinduism. Its proximity to the city's spiritual and cultural heritage adds to its significance as a center for holistic education.
     
     

9. Legacy of Leaders:

   • Prominent leaders, scholars, and visionaries have been associated with BHU, including Jawaharlal Nehru, S. Radhakrishnan, and Lal Bahadur Shastri, to name a few.
     
     

10. Contributions to Nation-Building:

    • BHU's commitment to producing well-rounded and socially responsible graduates has contributed significantly to nation-building efforts in India.

What are the notable Varanasi temples?

Varanasi is renowned for its numerous temples, each holding its own religious and historical significance. Here are some of the notable temples in Varanasi:

1. Kashi Vishwanath Temple: Also known as the Golden Temple, this is one of the most revered temples in Hinduism dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is a major pilgrimage site and a masterpiece of architecture.

2. Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple: Dedicated to Lord Hanuman, this temple is believed to fulfill devotees' wishes and protect them from troubles and difficulties.

3. Durga Temple (Durga Kund Mandir): This temple is dedicated to Goddess Durga and is known for its unique architectural style and the presence of a sacred pond, the Durga Kund.

4. Tulsi Manas Temple: This temple is famous for its white marble structure and for having verses from the Ramcharitmanas, an epic poem by Tulsidas, inscribed on its walls.

5. New Vishwanath Temple (Birla Temple): A beautiful marble temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, it offers a serene atmosphere and a panoramic view of the city.

6. Sarnath Temples: Sarnath, located near Varanasi, is associated with Buddhism and houses several Buddhist temples and stupas, including the Dhamek Stupa and Mulagandha Kuti Vihara.

7. Bharat Mata Temple: This unique temple is dedicated to Mother India and features a three-dimensional relief map of India carved out of marble.

8. Kaal Bhairav Temple: Dedicated to Lord Kaal Bhairav, a fierce form of Lord Shiva, this temple is known for its strict rituals and the worship of a black dog, considered an embodiment of Bhairav.

9. Mrityunjay Mahadev Temple: This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva as Mrityunjay, the conqueror of death. It is believed to have healing powers.

10. Tilbhandeshwar Temple: Located near Manikarnika Ghat, this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is associated with the legend of Shiva and Parvati.

11. Annapurna Temple: This temple is dedicated to Goddess Annapurna, the goddess of food and nourishment. It is believed that visiting the temple ensures a never-ending supply of food.

12. Sarveshwar Mahadev Temple: Located near the Assi Ghat, this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is known for its serene surroundings.

13. Tridev Temple: This unique temple is dedicated to the three principal deities of Hinduism: Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh (Shiva).

14. Vishalakshi Temple: Dedicated to Goddess Vishalakshi, this temple is located near the Manikarnika Ghat and is a place of spiritual significance.

15. Nepali Temple: Also known as the Kathwala Temple, it is a beautiful wooden temple built in the traditional Nepali architectural style.

These are just a few of the many temples in Varanasi, each offering a unique spiritual experience and contributing to the city's cultural and religious vibrancy. Visitors to Varanasi often embark on temple tours to explore the rich tapestry of faith and devotion that defines the city.

What are the attractions around Varanasi?

Varanasi is surrounded by several attractions and places of historical, cultural, and spiritual significance. Here are some notable attractions around Varanasi:

1. Sarnath: Located just a few kilometers from Varanasi, Sarnath is one of the most significant Buddhist sites in the world. It is where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment. Visitors can explore ancient stupas, monasteries, and the famous Dhamek Stupa.

2. Chunar Fort: Situated about 40 kilometers from Varanasi, this historic fort offers panoramic views of the Ganges River. It has a rich history dating back to various dynasties and was also briefly under the control of the British.

3. Ramnagar Fort: Located across the Ganges River from Varanasi, this 18th-century fort serves as the ancestral home of the Maharaja of Banaras. It features a museum showcasing vintage cars, weapons, and royal memorabilia.

4. Vindhyachal: Approximately 65 kilometers from Varanasi, Vindhyachal is a significant pilgrimage site known for the Vindhyavasini Devi Temple. It is particularly popular during the Navratri festival.

5. Chaukhandi Stupa: Situated about 13 kilometers from Varanasi, this stupa marks the spot where Lord Buddha met his first disciples after attaining enlightenment. It offers scenic views of the surrounding area.

6. Kaithi Village: Located approximately 25 kilometers from Varanasi, Kaithi is known for its traditional art of scroll painting known as "Kaithi." Visitors can witness the artisans at work and learn about this unique art form.

7. Allahabad (Prayagraj): About 120 kilometers from Varanasi, Allahabad is known for the Sangam, the confluence of three holy rivers (Ganges, Yamuna, and Saraswati). It hosts the Kumbh Mela, a major Hindu pilgrimage, and features historical sites like the Allahabad Fort and Anand Bhavan.

8. Bodh Gaya: Located around 240 kilometers from Varanasi, Bodh Gaya is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the place where Lord Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree. The Mahabodhi Temple is a key attraction.

9. Ayodhya: Situated about 200 kilometers from Varanasi, Ayodhya is associated with Lord Rama and is known for its temples, including the Ram Janmabhoomi Temple.

10. Varnasi Temples: Explore the various temples and ghats in the vicinity of Varanasi, such as the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple, and more.

These attractions offer a diverse range of experiences, from exploring Buddhist heritage to historical forts and religious pilgrimage sites. They provide opportunities for travelers to delve deeper into the cultural and spiritual richness of the region surrounding Varanasi.

What is the best time to visit India to make the most of your stay in Varanasi?

The best time to visit India and make the most of your stay in Varanasi depends on your preferences for weather and the type of experiences you desire. Varanasi experiences distinct seasons, each offering a unique atmosphere:

1. Winter (October to February):

   • Winter is generally considered the best time to visit Varanasi for most travelers. The weather is cool and pleasant, with daytime temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F).
   • This is the peak tourist season, attracting visitors from around the world.
   • The comfortable weather allows for exploration of the city's temples, ghats, and cultural attractions without the discomfort of extreme heat or rain.
     
     

2. Spring (March to April):

   • Spring in Varanasi sees gradually rising temperatures, making it a favorable time to visit if you prefer warmer weather.
   • The city begins to come alive with vibrant festivals like Holi, which is celebrated with enthusiasm and colorful festivities.
     
     

3. Summer (May to June):

   • The summer months in Varanasi can be very hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F).
   • While it's not the most comfortable time to visit due to the scorching heat, it may be a good choice if you prefer fewer crowds and lower prices for accommodations.
   • If you plan to visit during this period, be prepared for the extreme heat and stay hydrated.
     
     

4. Monsoon (July to September):

   • The monsoon season in Varanasi brings heavy rainfall, often causing flooding in low-lying areas.
   • While the rain can make the city lush and green, it can also disrupt travel plans and outdoor activities.
   • If you enjoy the monsoon atmosphere and don't mind the rain, this can be a unique time to witness the city's spiritual rituals amidst the showers.
     
     

5. Festivals and Special Occasions:

   • Consider planning your visit to coincide with special festivals like Dev Deepawali (Festival of Lights), Diwali, and Mahashivaratri if you want to experience Varanasi's vibrant cultural and religious celebrations.